KEY POINTS OF UNITED NATIONS (UN)

 KEY POINTS OF THE UNITED NATIONS

      The United Nations (UN) is an international organization whose started aims are to facilitate cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress and human rights issues.

      The United Nations officially came into existence on 24^th October, 1945, when the UN Charter had been ratified by a majority of the original 51 Member States.

      The General Assembly has the right to discuss and decide on issues of international peace and security.

      The Security Council is given the main job by the United Nations to maintain international peace and security at an international level.

      The main task of the Economic and Social Council is to promote and improve the economic and social well-being of those living in the member states.

      The Secretariat comprises of a Secretary General and it is the body that runs the United Nations.

      The International Court of Justice (ICJ) is the main judicial body of the United Nations.

      The United Nations has many specialised agencies which work usually away from the public eye.

      The four main agencies are the World Health Organisation (WHO), the International Labour Organisation (ILO), the International Atomic Energy Authority (IAEA) and the United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO).

THE WORLD OF DOLLS

                           THE WORLD OF DOLLS

Dolls have been a part of every child’s fantasy world for thousands of years. It is not known when dolls were first made, but people living many centuries ago used dolls as religious symbols before using them as toys.

Although the Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans knew the art of making wax dolls, the Germans produced wax dolls in large quantities in the 17^th century.

 

Every suitable material has been used for making dolls. Wood has been very extensively used for carving dolls since earliest times. The first wooden dolls were made in Germany. During the long cold winter months, people who lived in the forests occupied themselves by carving wooden dolls.

Every suitable material has been used for making dolls. Wood has been very extensively used for carving dolls since earliest times. The first wooden dolls were made in Germany. During the long cold winter months, people who lived in the forests occupied themselves by carving wooden dolls.

Every suitable material has been used for making dolls. Wood has been very extensively used for carving dolls since earliest times. The first wooden dolls were made in Germany. During the long cold winter months, people who lived in the forests occupied themselves by carving wooden dolls.

In the beginning of the 19^th century, dolls were made to look like adult men and women, rather than children. The heads of these dolls were made of papier-mâché, a mixture of paper pulp and glue.

In the 19^th century, the most popular material that was used for doll-making was bisque.

Families of farmers all over the world used what was naturally available in plenty—hemp, straw and flax—to make imaginative dolls.

In many countries, cloth dolls were also very popular. Rag dolls were also quite popular, and were stuffed with cotton, old rags and other soft material. The eyes, nose and lips were embroidered, while the hair was made from thread.

 

Mechanical dolls became very popular in the late 18^th and early 19^th centuries. Some unusual dolls were manufactured—those that nodded, smiled, or even fanned themselves gracefully. 

Some more Facts-

Set up by the renowned political cartoonist, K. Shankar Pillai (1902-1989), Shankar’s International Dolls Museum located in New Delhi has one of the largest collections of custom dolls anywhere in the world.

IMMUNIZATION

                       IMMUNIZATION 

 

Immunization is the art of protecting or guarding yourself against infectious diseases by taking precautions or preventive measures. There are generally in the form of vaccinations and injections.

A bruise or wound from rusted iron, like a rusted nail or barbed wire, exposes you to tetanus. In order to prevent this, you must take anti-tetanus injections immediately after you get bruised. 

 

Polio drops are given regularly to children up to the age of 6 years to prevent polio.

MMR Vaccination protects you from Mumps, Measles and Rubella.

If you happen to travel to certain parts where malaria, typhoid and cholera are prevalent, take proper precautions to immunize yourself. Besides maintaining proper hygiene, by avoiding food from roadside stalls, do ensure that you are adequately clothed to protect yourself from mosquito bites. Always carry mosquito repellents and nets.

From the age of 3 months onwards, babies are vaccinated against dreadful diseases like diphtheria, whooping cough and tuberculosis.

If you are ever bitten by a dog, ensure that you take anti-rabies vaccinations, even if the dog is a pet dog.   

SOME MORE FACTS=

 

Shri Amitabh Bachchan is the brand ambassador for the National Pulse Polio Campaign and he has received a special award from the global charity, Rotary International, for his contribution to the cause. On January 12, 2012, India marked the first year in history when it recorded no new cases of polio. 

 

MORE ABOUT SCIENCE

                                    MORE ABOUT SCIENCE

‘Science’ comes from the Latin word ‘to know’. Therefore, Science is Knowledge.  

 

Scientists use knowledge to discover how and why things happen. They use this knowledge to change or stop something from happening ---- for example, certain diseases can be stopped or even an earthquake can be prevented from happening.

There are two main areas of science known as the branches of science. They are Physics Sciences and the Life Sciences. Physics and Chemistry are Physical Sciences while Biology and Medicine are Life Sciences.

It is important that when a discovery is made, it must be communicated to other scientists so that they can use the necessary knowledge in their own research work. This way, it would lead to a faster usage of the discovery and many people would benefit.

 

Experiments by scientists are carried out in laboratories. Sometimes, it may take many years of very hard work and research in these laboratories before a scientist is able to solve a problem.

We generally read about certain facts in our school books and often wonder how it can be proved. Scientists always carry out ‘Experiments’ to prove certain things. For example, the fact that the earth revolves around the sun, was first proved by the astronomers before it was accepted by the general public.

One of the best ways to learn is to carry out experiments. Many simple experiments or ‘do-it-yourself’ exercises are recommended in science textbooks. These may be tried out by you to learn facts.

BOOKS FOR CHILDREN

                                 BOOKS FOR CHILDREN

Children’s literature consists of an exciting and wide range of books, published and written especially for young readers. In the years before printing was invented, people ‘heard’ stories from good story-tellers, because there were no books. They retold these stories to their young ones in the form of lullabies, songs, nursery rhymes or ballads.

One of the first picture books for children was a textbook in Latin called the Visible World in Pictures.

In 1697, a collection of eight stories was published for children in France. Of these eight, ‘Cinderella’, ‘Puss in Boots, ‘The Sleeping Beauty’, and ‘Little Red Riding Hood’, were greatly loved by all.

In 1860, an English painter by the name of Edward Evans brought out children’s books with illustrations in color. These books were known as ‘Toy Books’ as they were a collection of nursery rhymes made for the very young. 

Given blow is a list of some of the best books which are recommended for 10-11 year old children.

Annie and the Old One: An Indian girl tries to prevent her grandmother’s death and learns a beautiful lesson.

The House of Sixty Fathers: The valiant search of a small boy and his pet pig for his family in war ravaged China.

Mrs. Frisby and the Rats of NIMH: Rats learn to read, write and think in the course of a laboratory experiment. 

Dragonwings: A young Chinese Boy helps his father to build a flying machine.

James and the Giant Peach: Young readers are transported to fantasy land inside a peach, with the hero of the story, James.

Pippi Longstocking: the adventures of a 9-year-old girl who lives with a monkey and a horse.

The Wind in the Willows: A humorous tale of river life.

A Wrinkle in Time: Three youngsters are transported to a remote planet.